Functional ecology of advance regeneration in relation to light in boreal forests1

نویسندگان

  • Christian Messier
  • René Doucet
  • Jean-Claude Ruel
  • Yves Claveau
  • Colin Kelly
  • Martin J. Lechowicz
چکیده

This paper reviews aspects of the functional ecology of naturally established tree seedlings in the boreal forests of North America with an emphasis on the relationship between light availability and the growth and survival of shade tolerant conifers up to pole size. Shade tolerant conifer species such as firs and spruces tend to have a lower specific leaf mass, photosynthetic rate at saturation, live crown ratio, STAR (shoot silhouette area to total needle surface area ratio), and root to shoot ratio than the shade intolerant pines. The inability of intolerant species such as the pines and aspen to survive in shade appears to be mainly the result of characteristics at the shoot, crown, and whole-tree levels and not at the leaf level. Although firs and spruces frequently coexist in shaded understories, they do not have identical growth patterns and crown architectures. We propose a simple framework based on the maximum height that different tree species can sustain in shade, which may help managers determine the timing of partial or complete harvests. Consideration of these functional aspects of regeneration is important to the understanding of boreal forest dynamics and can be useful to forest managers seeking to develop or assess novel silvicultural systems. Résumé : Cet article passe en revue les aspects de l’écologie fonctionnelle des semis établis naturellement dans les forêts boréales de l’Amérique du Nord, avec une emphase sur la relation entre la disponibilité de la lumière et la survie et la croissance de conifères tolérants à l’ombre jusqu’au stade perchis. Les conifères tolérants à l’ombre comme les sapins et les épinettes tendent à avoir une masse foliaire spécifique, un taux de photosynthèse au point de saturation, des rapports de cime vivante, des indices STAR (rapport de la surface de la silhouette de la pousse par rapport à la surface foliaire totale) et des rapports racines/pousse inférieurs en comparaison avec les pins intolérants à l’ombre. L’incapacité à survivre à l’ombre des espèces intolérantes comme les pins et le peuplier faux-tremble semble résulter principalement des caractéristiques au niveau de la pousse, de la cime et de l’arbre entier et non pas au niveau foliaire. Même si les sapins et les épinettes coexistent fréquemment dans des sous-bois ombragés, leurs patrons de croissance et leurs architectures de cime diffèrent. Les auteurs proposent un cadre conceptuel basé sur la hauteur maximale que les différentes espèces peuvent atteindre à l’ombre et qui pourrait aider les aménagistes à décider du moment où procéder à une récolte partielle ou totale. La prise en compte de ces aspects fonctionnels de la régénération est importante pour la compréhension de la dynamique des forêts boréales et peut être utile aux aménagistes forestiers cherchant à développer ou évaluer des systèmes sylvicoles innovateurs. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Review / Synthèse 823

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تاریخ انتشار 1999